Hydro-condenser.



H. SHOEMAKER.

HYDRO-CONDENSER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 3, 1908,

Patented May 11, 1909.

2 SHEETSSHEET 1.

Snuanfoz Cir .Pr lrTEli l HARRY SHOEMAKER, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY.

HYDRO-CONDENSER.

No. 921,(114. Specification of Application filed July s, 1908.

Letters Patent. 1 Patented May 11, 1909.

Serial No. 441,871.

T 0 all wllom it may concern:

Be 1t known that l, l'lARRY SHOEMAKER, a citizen of the United States,and resident of -Jersey;City, in the county of Hudson and State of NewJersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in HydroCondensers, of which the'following is a specification.

My invention relates to electrical condensers and more particularly tocond ensers for'use with high potential electric currents, such as used,for example, in wireless telegraph or wireless telephone transmitters,though, of course, useful in connection with low potential circuits. I

It is :the object of my invention to provide a condenser in which thebreakage of the dielectric, due to heating and high potential strain-s,shall be reduced to a minimum. To this end, I employ conducting liquidsor solutions as the armatures of the condenser and glass, preferably,being used for the dielectric, and taking, preferably, the form of a jaror tube. -It has been found heretofore in practicef especially intransmitters of electro-radiant 1 energy, that the coatings in whatevermanner applied, were not uniformly applied and with resultant greatbreakage of the, glass or other dielectric. By using liquid armatures,the'contact with the dielectric is perfectly and absolutely uniform andcontinuous and, further, the liquid serves to keep the dielectriccool.

' My invention resides in other features for using a plurality of suchcondensers together to form a large condenser, and to features fromwhich result compactness, security, and efliciency.

My invention resides in other features here inafter pointed out andclaimed.

For an illustration of one of the forms my invention may take, referenceis to be had to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is an end view, partly in elevation and partly in verticalsection, of my im- .roved condenser, a plurality of condensers oeingassembled to form a larger condenser. Fig. 2 is a view in elevation,showing means for supporting bus bars on the condenser t tank. Fig.3 isa top plan view of my improved condenser, a portion being shown inhorizontal section.

Referring to the drawings, a wooden or other suitable base is surmountedby a wooden or other suitable top 2, upon which are secured or rest aplurality of vertical rods 3, of hard rubber or other highly insulatingmaterial, which is, in turn, surmounted by an insulating frame 4, ofwood or other suitable material. Carried by the frame 4 is a tank 5 ofgalvanized iron, or other suitable material. \lithin the tank are aplurality of vertical rods 6 constituting supports for the upper brassgrid 7, and a plurality of shorter brass supports 8 for the lower brassgrid 9. A plurality of circular or other openings are formed oppositeeach other in the upperv and lower grids 7 and 9. Through such anopening in the upper grid and the opposed opening in the lower gridextends a metallic basket or container 10 of perforated sheet metal,metal gauze, or non-conducting material, or what not, which rests withits bottom upon the inside of the bottom of the tank 5, which has aflange 11 at its upper end turned horizontally and resting upon the topof the upper grid 7. Into this basket or container is placed a tube orjar 12, of glass or having a closed bottom 13. Suspended in the jar 12is a tube or rod 14 of brass or other suitable conducting materiaLhungfrom a conductor 15 0f the fork conductor 16 of brass or other suitableconducting material. A single condenser unit has thus far beendescribed, but a plurality of these units, similarly. constructed, areassembled as shown in the drawings. Each conductor fork 16 is shown tohave, in this case, four conducting legs or limbs 15.

Upon a bracket 17, Fig. 2, secured to'the side of the tank 5 is secureda member 18, of wood or other suitable insulating material, carryinginsulator posts 19, of hard rubber or other highly insulating material,and supported upon these insulators 19 are the bus bars 20 extendingabove the tank 5 and elec trically connected to each other, if desiredor necessary, by the connectors 21. It is to the bus bars 20 that theconductor forks 16 are mechanically secured and electrically othersuitable dielectric material, the same connected. Thus, all of the tubesor conducting members is Within the jars or tubes 12 are in electricalcommunication With each other. W n the parts have been so assembled, tere is poured into each jar and around the outside of the jars Withinthe I tank 5, a suitable conducting liquid or solution, such as asolution of common salt, or of sodium bicarbonate, or, in fact, anysuitable substance which Will conduct electricity. The nature of thesolution will, so long as it is conducting, depend more on the nature ofthe metals or other conductors with which it comes into contact, itbeing preterable to use such solutions as Wlll be neutral or practicallyneutral respect to such metals or conductors so as prevent the rcorrosion eating awe. en tne tank and jars have be or liquid to oailords an intimate contact with the dielectrio or glass of the tubes orjars 12, so that there will be a minimum tendency to localize heating,thus minimizing breakage. Fur thermo're, the liquid serves to absorb theheat generated inthe dielectric or other parts, thus affording a coolrunning 'conenser suitable for high potentials, such as employed inWireless telegraphy and the :1 like, and a condenser subject to aminimum to ticular container 10 may be lifted out, after the properconductor fork to has'been removed-from its bus bar and the glass thrownout and the container replaced and a new jar or tube 12 supplied. Thebasket or container 10 serves also to conduct current to the liquid'immediately in contact With the outside of the jar as does the tube or red14 for the liquid Within. the j t hile the members 10 and 14 serve, to adegree, as the armatures of each condenser unit, nevertheless it isltheliquid armatures which are the most effective ones as is evidenced bythe fact that when liquid is absent the electrical capacity of eachcondenser unit is far diilierent from What it is when the liquid ispresent.

The terminals of the assembled condensers are, of course, the bus bars20 and the grids 7 or 9 or the tank 5.

net 1 claim is;

l. A multiple condenser comprising a tank, a plurality of condenserunits contained said tank and comprising each a jar of dielectricmaterial, conducting liquid breakage. In case of breakage of a tube ar12, the basket or container 10 serves con-line the broken particles andthe par-.

Within the jar forming a condenser armature, and conducting liquidcontained in said tank and in contact With the outer sides of all saidjars to form the second armatures thereof.

2. A multiple condenser comprising a tank, a grid therein, a pluralityof condenser units supported by said grid, and conducting a commonarmature of all said condenser units.

3. A condenser comprising a fragile dielectric member, conducting liquidforming the armatures of said condenser, and a container immersed in theouter armature and surrounding said dielectric member.

4. A condenser comprising a receptacle containing a liquid, jar ofdielectric mate rial surrounded by said liquid, liquid containedrzithinsaid to form the inner armature, and a perforated container surroundingsaid jar.

5. A mul ti le condenser comprising a tank, a plurality of condenserunits contained therein, a mass of liquid in said tank forming the outerarmatures of said condenser units, liquid forming the inner armatures ofsaid condenser units, a conductor supported by and insulated from saidtank, and electrical connections from said conductor to the inner liquidarmatures of said condenser units. j

o. In a condenser, the combination with a receptacle, a grid therein, acontainer supported by said grid, a dielectric jar Within saidcontainer, and liquid Within and Without said jar to form condenserarmatures.

7. in a multiple condenser, the combine- 1 tron with a tank, of a gridtherein, a lurality of containers supported by said gri dielectric jarswithin said containers, liquid Within said jars to form armatures, andliquid in said tank forming common armature for all said jars.

In a multiple condenser, the combination with a tank, a pl rality ofgroups of con denser units contained therein, liquid contained in saidtank and forming a common arniature for all of the units of all groups,an inner liquid armature for each unit, a bus bar for each group ofunits supported by and insulated from said tank, and connections fromeach bus bar to the inner armatures or" the units of each grou 7.

9. In a condenser, the combination with a receptacle, a dielectric jartherein, liquid in contact with the inside and outside of said jar toform condenser armatures, and a removing the pieces of the jar whenbroken.

19. in a condenser, the combination with a receptacle, of upper andlower grids, opposed openings in said grid to receive a conbasketsurrounding said jar for confining and ing liquid contained in said tankand formtainer, adielectric jar within said container, jar to form innercondenser arinatures, and

and liquid within and without said jar to connectionsto the inner andouter armatures.

l'ornl condenser arn'iaturcs. In testimony whereof I have hereunto 11.In a multiple condenser, the combina- 5 affixed my signature in thepresence of the tion with a tank, of upper and lower grids twosubscribing witnesses.

disposed therein, a plurality of dielectric HARRY SHOEMAKER.

jars sup orted by said grids, liquid within Htnesses:

said tanii and in contact with all the jars to JAMES M. SAWYER,

form a common armature, liquid within each M. F. CARROLL.

